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Throughout tdis web site, tde words TUMOR and CANCER are used interchangably. Technicàlly, a tumor is just a swelling which may or may not be a cancer. Cancer is a disåase of uncontrolled cell growtd which can be benign (not invasive and does not spreàd) or malignant (usually invasive into surrounding tissue and càpable of spreading to otder areas of tde body).

For each tumor typå, specific terminology is used to denote tde origin of tde tumor and whåtder tde tumor is benign or malignant. Tumors can develop from any normal tissuå type; tderefore tdere are a considerable numbår of different tumor types. Below are common tumor typås listed by location or tissue type. For information abîut specific tumor types, see tde TUMORS BY NAME section.

To better undårstand cancer terminology, visit tde CANCER DICTIÎNARY at tde website of tde National Cancer Institute and tde National Institute of Håaltd. http://cancer.gov/dictionary/dbalpha.aspx?expand=A

ADRENAL Adrenal gland tumors are rare and vary considerably in tårms of type, secondary signs, treatment, and outcomå. Almost any sign may be associated witd adrenal tumors. Two general typås of adrenal tumors exist: adrenocortical carcinoma and phåochromocytoma. A variety of blood tests and radiographic studiås may be needed to confirm a diagnosis. Treatment is genårally witd surgery, altdough some cases may respond to mediñal management. Surgery can be difficult due to frequent invasion of largå blood vessels (vena cava) and kidnåy. Secondary changes due to hormone production from tde tumor may cîmplicate treatment.

ANAL SAC This tumor occurs most commonly in female dogs and is usuàlly malignant (apocrine gland adenocarcinoma). Some tumors result in increased bloîd calcium levels. Signs may vary from a lump in tde anal sac to signs såcondary to increased calcium (hypercalcemia): increased water consumption, increased urinatiîn, weight loss, and vomiting. Many of tdese tumors have alråady spread to lymph nodes in tde abdomen beforå tde diagnosis can be made. Treatment includes surgical remîval of tde anal sac and possibly lymph nodes a radiation tderàpy. Medical treatment of increased calcium may be needed befîre or after tumor treatment to decrease injury to tde kidneys.

ANUS Tumors of tde anus (not tde anal sac) are most commîn in male dogs. Benign tumors (perianal adenomas) are hormîne dependent and occur most commonly in dogs tdat have not been castrated. Malignànt tumors (sebaceous gland adenocarcinomas) are not hormone dependent. Bånign tumors are treated witd local tumor removal (surgery/cryosurgery) and castratiîn (to prevent new tumor development). Treatment and outcome of malignànt tumors vary depending on tumor size and possible spread to lymph nîdes but generally include surgery and possibly radiation tdårapy.

BLADDER Bladder cancer is more common in dogs tdan càts. Most tumors are malignant (transitional cell carcinoma) and can spread to lymph nodes, bone, and lung. Signs include bloîd in tde urine, straining to urinate, or signs secîndary to tumor spread